What is intonation? Proper Intonation means that your bass guitar sounds in tune all the way up the neck, so every note sounds in tune anywhere on the neck. If your bass is in tune at the open strings but sounds off when you play higher up the fretboard, the intonation needs adjustment. Here’s a step-by-step guide to get it right. With proper intonation, your bass will sound great across the entire neck. Adjusting it yourself is a valuable skill that enhances your playing experience!
What You’ll Need
- A tuner (digital or clip-on preferred for accuracy).
- A small screwdriver (usually Phillips or flathead, depending on your bass).
- Patience and a quiet space to work in.
Step 1: Understand Intonation
Intonation is all about string length. Each string must be the correct length to ensure that notes played along the fretboard are in tune. The string length is adjusted using the saddles on the bridge.
Step 2: Check Your Tuning
- Tune the Bass: Make sure your bass is perfectly tuned to standard pitch (EADG).
- Check Each String: Use your tuner to confirm that each open string (unfretted) is in tune.
Step 3: Test the Intonation
- Play the Open String: Pluck the string and ensure it’s in tune using your tuner.
- Play the 12th Fret Harmonic: Lightly touch the string above the 12th fret and pluck it. Check if the harmonic is in tune.
- Play the 12th Fret Note: Press down the string at the 12th fret and play it. Compare this note to the harmonic:
- If the fretted note is sharp, the string is too short.
- If the fretted note is flat, the string is too long.
Step 4: Adjust the Saddle
- Locate the Bridge Saddles: These are small, adjustable pieces where each string rests on the bridge.
- Use a Screwdriver: Find the adjustment screw behind the saddle for the string you’re working on.
- Turn the screw clockwise to move the saddle back (lengthening the string).
- Turn the screw counterclockwise to move the saddle forward (shortening the string).
Tip: Make small adjustments (a quarter-turn or less at a time), retune the string, and test again.
Step 5: Repeat for Each String
Go string by string, following the same steps to check and adjust the intonation.
Tips for Beginners
- Patience is key: Small adjustments can make a big difference. Take your time.
- Retune often: Every adjustment affects string tension, so always tune before testing intonation.
- Work in a quiet environment: Background noise can make it harder to use the tuner accurately.
- Check your tools: Use the right screwdriver to avoid stripping the saddle screws.
When to Seek Help
If your adjustments don’t seem to work or you feel unsure about the process, visit a professional guitar tech or luthier. They can ensure everything is set up perfectly.
